Early socialisation : sociability and attachment by Cara Flanagan PDF

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Extra info for Early socialisation : sociability and attachment

Sample text

They also react to human voices and show some recognition of their main caregiver(s) in terms of being more settled when held by such persons or giving a broader smile when they hear a familiar voice. During this time the infant is bonding with its caregivers but has not, as yet, formed attachments. 40 THE ATTACHMENT PROCESS It may be erroneous to think of this as an asocial stage, which suggests that the infant is oblivious to the social dimension. In fact, as we have seen in Chapter 2, the infant is extremely sociable.

First, that caregivers do not become as attached to their infants if they miss out on this early contact. Second, that infants need close physical contact during a sensitive period to maximise their bond formation, which forms the basis for later attachment. Note the reciprocal nature of this argument. A number of other studies retested the hypothesis. Goldberg (1983), in a review of these, concluded that the effects of early bonding were not as large nor as long-lasting as Klaus and Kennell’s original research suggested.

How nice! The baby likes attention. A while later the baby does it again, and the faces reappear. The baby is being positively reinforced. Babies are also negatively reinforced. An infant might pee all over his/her mother, who immediately puts the baby down rather angrily. This may have the effect of making this behaviour less likely. I say ‘may’ because sometimes when adults are angry they give other signals which suggest they aren’t really that angry and are actually rather amused. In which case the baby is positively reinforced!

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