Elements of Probability and Statistics: An Introduction to by Francesca Biagini, Massimo Campanino PDF

By Francesca Biagini, Massimo Campanino

ISBN-10: 3319072544

ISBN-13: 9783319072548

This booklet offers an creation to simple chance and to Bayesian facts utilizing de Finetti's subjectivist procedure. one of many beneficial properties of this procedure is that it doesn't require the advent of pattern area – a non-intrinsic idea that makes the therapy of ordinary likelihood unnecessarily complicate – yet introduces as basic the idea that of random numbers without delay concerning their interpretation in functions. occasions develop into a specific case of random numbers and chance a selected case of expectation while it's utilized to occasions. The subjective evaluate of expectation and of conditional expectation is predicated on an financial collection of an appropriate wager or penalty. The houses of expectation and conditional expectation are derived through using a coherence criterion that the overview has to stick with. The ebook is appropriate for all introductory classes in chance and facts for college students in arithmetic, Informatics, Engineering, and Physics.

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Extra resources for Elements of Probability and Statistics: An Introduction to Probability with de Finetti's Approach and to Bayesian Statistics (UNITEXT, Volume 98)

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11 Joint Distribution Let us consider two random numbers X and Y , that we can look at as a random vector (X, Y ), assuming a finite number of possible values I (X, Y ). If I (X ) = {x1 , . . , xm } and I (Y ) = {y1 , . . , yn } we define the joint distribution of X and Y . This is the function p(xi , y j ) = P(X = xi , Y = y j ) defined on I (X ) × I (Y ). We can associate to it the matrix ⎞ p(x1 , y1 ) . . p(x1 , yn ) ⎟ ⎜ .. .. ⎠. ⎝ . . p(xm , y1 ) . . p(xm , yn ) ⎛ The marginal distribution of X is the function p1 (xi ) = P(X = xi ) for i = 1, .

M and j = 1, . . , n. Given ψ : R2 −→ R, the expectation of the random number Z = ψ(X, Y ) can be obtained from the joint distribution of X, Y : m n ψ(xi , y j ) p(xi , y j ) . 3) i=1 j=1 The proof is completely analogous to that one in the case of a single random number. For example, we can compute P(X Y ): m n P(X Y ) = xi y j p(X = xi , Y = y j ). i=1 j=1 If X and Y are stochastically independent and φ1 , φ2 are two real functions φi : R −→ R with i = 1, 2, we have that P(φ1 (X )φ2 (Y )) = P(φ1 (X ))P(φ2 (Y )).

14 Generating Function Let X be a random number with discrete distribution on a subset of N. The generating function of X is defined for u ∈ C, |u| ≤ 1, by 40 2 Discrete Distributions φ X (u) := P(u X ) = u k P(X = k). 5) k∈I (X ) The expectation of a complex random variable is defined as the expectation of the real part plus i times the expectation of the imaginary part. 5) is convergent in the case of infinitely many possible values. We will use characteristic functions just for real values of u.

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Elements of Probability and Statistics: An Introduction to Probability with de Finetti's Approach and to Bayesian Statistics (UNITEXT, Volume 98) by Francesca Biagini, Massimo Campanino


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