By V. Sreenivasulu Reddy, Maria Bruma, John Fitch, Patrick Cassidy (auth.), Gareth Hougham, Patrick E. Cassidy, Ken Johns, Theodore Davidson (eds.)
ISBN-10: 0306460602
ISBN-13: 9780306460609
ISBN-10: 0306469189
ISBN-13: 9780306469183
The fluorine atom, via advantage of its electronegativity, dimension, and bond energy with carbon, can be utilized to create compounds with amazing homes. Small molecules containing fluorine have many optimistic affects on lifestyle of which blood substitutes, prescribed drugs, and floor modifiers are just a couple of examples. Fluoropolymers, too, whereas normally linked to severe hello- functionality functions have discovered their approach into our houses, our garments, or even our language. a contemporary American president used to be frequently likened to the tribology of PTFE. because the serendipitous discovery of Teflon on the Dupont Jackson Laboratory in 1938, fluoropolymers have grown progressively in technological and market significance. New man made fluorine chemistry, new approaches, and new apprec- tion of the mechanisms during which fluorine imparts unparalleled homes all give a contribution to accelerating progress in fluoropolymers. there are various tales of harrowing shut calls within the fluorine chemistry lab, specially from the early years, and artificial demanding situations now and then stay daunting. yet, thankfully, sleek strategies and amenities have enabled major strides towards taming either the risks and artificial uncertainties. not like prior environmental difficulties linked to fluorocarbon refrigerants, the outstanding houses of fluorine in polymers have nice environmental price. a few fluoropolymers are allowing eco-friendly applied sciences corresponding to hydrogen gas cells for cars and oxygen-selective membranes for purifier diesel combustion.
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Additional info for Fluoropolymers 1: Synthesis
Example text
P. = 29–30°C. 2). 3. 1. 173 mol) was placed in a 250-ml three-necked round bottom flask with 75 ml of solvent. The flask was fitted with a mechanical stirrer, a heating mantle, and reflux condenser under nitrogen. After purging the flask thoroughly with nitrogen, the mixture was stirred and heated to reflux (215°C in peduorotetradecahydrophenanthrene or 255°C in diphenyl ether). After stirring at reflux for 45 min to 2 h, a polymer phase separated; after stirring at reflux for a total of 3 to 6 h, the phase-separated polymer beame viscous enough to seize the stirring shaft.
As a homologous series, the contribution of incremental CF2 units can be quantified. 8 The glass transition displays a small dependence on the fluoromethylene chain length ranging from 84 to 101°C. Measured by DSC, it is relatively weak and broad, reflecting a small difference in heat capacities above and below the glass transition. This measurement is more precise with thermomechanical analysis (TMA), and the thermal expansion coefficients of the corresponding glassy and rubbery states display a dependence on the fluoromethylene chain length that correlates with cross-link density.
016 Fluoromethylene Cyanate Ester Resins 21 involving mutual movement of polymer chain segments that, in the present case, can form dipoles. Hence, if dipole alignment is enhanced with this short-range order, then the dipolar or orientational contribution to the polarizability will increase. Free volume will remain constant but the polarizability will increase owing to a larger dipole effect from the short-range molecular order. Water absorption can also cause significant changes in the permittivity and must be considered when describing dielectric behavior.
Fluoropolymers 1: Synthesis by V. Sreenivasulu Reddy, Maria Bruma, John Fitch, Patrick Cassidy (auth.), Gareth Hougham, Patrick E. Cassidy, Ken Johns, Theodore Davidson (eds.)
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