By Asher Peres
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Extra info for Quantum theory. Concepts and methods. Dordrecht-Boston-London
Sample text
11. Neutrons having energies equivalent to the kinetic energy of gaseous molecules at room temperature (kT ) are called thermal neutrons. What is the wavelength of a thermal neutron at 27◦ C? 12. Suppose an electron remains in an excited state of an atom for 10−8 s. What would be the minimum uncertainty of the energy of the photon emitted as the electron falls to the ground state? What uncertainty in the wavelength of the photon does this correspond to? 20 Chapter 1 The Early Days 13. 6 eV. 300 nm passes through water and is completely absorbed by ionizing water molecules, how many molecules could the photon ionize?
For a single particle described by Cartesian coordinates, we can write = (x, y, z, t). 1) 21 22 Chapter 2 The Quantum Mechanical Way of Doing Things For two particles, the coordinates of each particle must be specified so that = (x1 , y1 , z1 , x2 , y2 , z2 , t). 2) For a general system, we can use generalized coordinates, qi , = (qi , t) . 3) Since the model is that of a wave, is called a wave function. The state of the system that i describes is called the quantum state. The wave function squared, 2 , is proportional to probability.
In their experiment, an electron beam was directed at a metal crystal and a diffraction pattern was observed. Since diffraction is a property of waves, it was concluded that the moving electrons were behaving as waves. The reason for using a metal crystal is that in order to observe a diffraction pattern, the waves must pass through openings about the same size as the wavelength, and that distance corresponds to the distance separating atoms in a metal. The de Broglie wavelength of moving particles (electrons particularly) has been verified experimentally.
Quantum theory. Concepts and methods. Dordrecht-Boston-London by Asher Peres
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