By Michael Gochfeld, Joanna Burger, Joseph R. Jehl Jr. (auth.), Joanna Burger, Bori L. Olla (eds.)
ISBN-10: 1468446916
ISBN-13: 9781468446913
ISBN-10: 1468446932
ISBN-13: 9781468446937
Among birds, shorebirds supply the various extra distinctive possibilities to check simple difficulties in habit, ecology, and evolution. this can be in huge degree a result of range, either behaviorally and ecologically, of a gaggle heavily similar taxonomically and disbursed in the course of the global. the final objective of those volumes is to supply a consultant collection of present examine being carried out on shorebird habit and ecology. routinely, marine birds have incorporated these species that breed in huge colonies on offshore islands alongside coasts (see quantity four of this series). even if shorebirds have as a rule no longer been thought of inside of this team, the truth that nearly forty% of the species breed alongside coasts and greater than 60% usually or continuously spend the nonbreeding season in coastal habitats greater than justifies their inclusion as marine birds (at least these species that completely or partly depend on the marine environment). Their inclusion markedly raises species range in marine birds seeing that shorebirds upload approximately 217 species to the 280 which are characteristically considered marine.
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Additional info for Shorebirds: Breeding Behavior and Populations
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Personal communication) Burger (1979) Lakes in steppe grassland, brackish lakes (not coastal) Inland lakes, coastal areas (some sedentary) Coastal bays and river mouths, debris-covered sandy beaches (tidal) Johnson and Goodall (1965), Jehl (1975) Grassland and open plains in arid regions NM Grassland and open plains in arid regions Slater (1971) r l:1l:I i Thinocoridae Rufous-bellied Seedsnipe (Attagis gayi) White-bellied Seedsnipe (Attagis malouinus) Gray-breasted Seedsnipe ( Thinocorus orbignyianus) Least Seedsnipe ( Thinocorus rumicivorus) Burhinidae Eurasian Stone Curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus) rIJ High Andes near snow line, nests near water Local movement only Floors of mountain valleys Johnson and Goodall (1965) Mountain alpine zone, desolate moorland Mountains Lowlands, rarely coastal flats High elevations, semidesert, marshy areas Grasslands Pampas grasslands Johnson and Goodall (1965), Humphrey et al.
In fact, many of these species breed entirely on islands along the coasts or in estuaries, and some breed far inland on lakes and marshes 17 18 Joanna Burger (Franklin's Gull Larus pipixcan, Ring-billed Gull L. delawarensis). These species depend upon the sea at other times of the year when they are not breeding, and many remain at sea or along the coasts during the years before they are mature and able to breed. , some species of Anhinga). Shorebirds, or waders, in the order Charadriiformes, have not traditionally been considered marine birds, even though their name implies some relationship to coastal shores.
In order to understand the relationship of shorebirds to marine habitats, it is important to know their breeding and nonbreeding habitats, and I examine all shorebird species in this chapter. Further, I discuss the importance of shorebirds in marine avifaunas, and the importance of marine habitats to shorebirds. II. MARINE AVIFAUNAS Assessing the abundance of marine avifaunas entails censusing birds in bays and estuaries along coasts, and in the open oceans. Early data on seabird numbers come from the casual notes or diaries of seafarer's or others traveling in ships (for review see Brown, 1980).
Shorebirds: Breeding Behavior and Populations by Michael Gochfeld, Joanna Burger, Joseph R. Jehl Jr. (auth.), Joanna Burger, Bori L. Olla (eds.)
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