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ISBN-10: 9991268030

ISBN-13: 9789991268033

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Example text

A “value” could be produced by taking the annual “cost” to the company of supporting and developing the brand name and multiplying it by the anticipated life of the brand. Alternatively, the annual “profit” generated by the brand could be used as a basis for valuation. UK companies can decide at any time to include the value of a brand in the balance sheet. They are not limited to when they acquired the brand or when it became a clearly identified asset through internal investment and development.

How- 24 THE ANNUAL REPORT – AND WHAT UNDERLIES IT ever, qualification concerning the application of an accounting standard that reflects a basic disagreement on principle between the auditor and management is less likely to cause problems for a company than one where the auditors are of the opinion that the financial statements may be misleading. Auditors and fraud It is a common misapprehension that it is the auditors’ role to search for fraud. An 1896 legal case in the UK provided a useful definition of the auditor as “a watchdog not a bloodhound”.

As each share is issued and paid for the company’s balance sheet is adjusted: Cash ϩ $4 ϭ shareholders’ funds ϩ $4 For each share issued the company increases its share capital by $1. The remaining $3 is the extra amount above the nominal value, or the 39 GUIDE TO ANALYSING COMPANIES premium, that shareholders are willing to pay for the share. Share premium must be shown in a separate account as part of shareholders’ funds and is deemed to be a capital reserve. A capital reserve can be used only for legally permitted purposes; for example, it cannot be used to pay a dividend to shareholders, but it can be used to cover the expenses of share issues.

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Standards of the Tubular Exchange Manufacturers Association by TEMA


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