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Additional info for The Molecular Basis of Autism

Example text

We begin with definitions of epidemiology and autism spectrum disorder, followed by a discussion of prevalence of ASD, descriptive patterns and reasonably well confirmed associations, and end with some observations that may help guide future research. 1 Definitions Epidemiology is a scientific discipline focusing on the etiology, determinants and treatments of diseases, conditions and health states among humans (Rothman et al. 2012). Taking a population perspective, researchers typically compare groups of R.

1 The causes of autism spectrum disorders 36 Y. Wang et al. the diagnosis for ASDs. The diagnostic criteria of ASDs related to the behavioral domains have been evolving and are frequently a subject of debate in both professional and public forums. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) (APA 2000), a diagnosis of autism is made based on recognizing impairments in three core domains of social interaction, communication as well as restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and activities.

Rett’s should be thought of perhaps like Fragile X with genetic abnormalities that affect brain function bringing it in phenotypic proximity to diagnostic criteria for ASD. For Rett’s, a portion of the affected individuals life has symptoms that overlap with ASD. To capture this, the diagnosis might be stated as ASD with Rett’s syndrome. 6 Differential Diagnoses A number of psychiatric conditions have characteristics that overlap with symptoms of ASD. Rett’s syndrome has been mentioned. Selective mutism however with significant expressive language handicap and over time social disabilities due to restricted social opportunities may bear some resemblance to ASD.

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