By C. Suryanarayana, M. Grant Norton
ISBN-10: 1489901485
ISBN-13: 9781489901484
ISBN-10: 1489901507
ISBN-13: 9781489901507
In this, the single ebook to be had to mix either theoretical and useful elements of x-ray diffraction, the authors emphasize a "hands on" technique via experiments and examples in keeping with real laboratory data.
Part I provides the fundamentals of x-ray diffraction and explains its use in acquiring structural and chemical info.
In Part II, 8 experimental modules permit the scholars to achieve an appreciation for what details will be got through x-ray diffraction and the way to interpret it.
Examples from all periods of fabrics -- metals, ceramics, semiconductors, and polymers -- are incorporated. Diffraction styles and Bragg angles are supplied for college students with no diffractometers. 192 illustrations.
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Additional resources for X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach
Sample text
The NaCI structure (Fig. 26) is based on the face-centered cubic Bravais lattice with a basis of two atoms at 0,0,0 and t,o,O. Face-centered cubic (cubic F) lattice + two atoms -+ NaCI structure There are a total of eight atoms per cell, four Na and four Cl. ) The Na+ ions are located at positions 0,0,0; t,t,o; t,o,t; O,H; and the CI- ions are located at t,o,O; o,t,o; O,o,t; t,H. The sodium ions are in a face-centered cubic arrangement and if we apply the face-centering translations to the chlorine ion at t,o,o we can see that the chlorine ions are also in a face-centered cubic arrangement.
Let's consider the crystal structures based on 27 28 I • Basics the three cubic Bravais lattices in which each has a basis consisting of one atom. Using Eq. (9) we obtain for the primitive cubic Bravais lattice: Primitive cubic (cubic P) lattice + one atom ~ Simple cubic (sc) structure The sc structure is illustrated in Fig. 18. , its coordinates are 0,0,0. ) The simple cubic structure is uncommon; no important metals have this structure. a-Polonium (Po) is the only element that crystallizes in the simple cubic structure, although some non equilibrium phases obtained by rapid solidification or mechanical alloying also exhibit this structure.
74. This is the maximum possible value for packing spheres of the same size. 74 are called close-packed structures. Of the three cubic structures only the fcc structure is close-packed. 2. Two Atoms of the Same Kind per Lattice Point The Hexagonal Close-Packed Structure Many metals have the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, including magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd). The hcp structure is built on the hexagonal Bravais lattice with a basis consisting of two identical atoms associated with each lattice point.
X-Ray Diffraction: A Practical Approach by C. Suryanarayana, M. Grant Norton
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