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Extra resources for Behaviour Modification: Principles and Procedures

Sample text

Once an interval is marked, the teacher does not have to observe the child or record the behavior until the next interval begins. Thus, one benefit of partial interval recording is that it takes less time and effort: The observer records the behavior only once during the interval, regardless of how many times the behavior occurs or how long it lasts. With whole interval recording, the occurrence of the behavior is marked in an interval only when the behavior occurs throughout the entire interval.

Frequency b. Duration c. Intensity 4. How long a behavior lasts 5. How many times a behavior occurs 6. How much physical force is involved in the behavior 7. An example of an overt behavior is . 8. An example of a covert behavior is . 9. 10. discovered the law of effect. conducted research on respondent conditioning. This page intentionally left blank TWO Observing and Recording Behavior O ne fundamental aspect of behavior modification is measuring the behavior that is targeted for change. Measurement of the target behavior (or behaviors) in behavior modification is called behavioral assessment.

Skinner (1974) has called such explanations “explanatory fictions” because they can never be proved or disproved, and thus are unscientific. These supposed underlying causes can never be measured or manipulated to demonstrate a functional relationship to the behavior they are intended to explain. CHARACTERISTICS OF BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION Focus on behavior Based on behavioral principles Emphasis on current environmental events Precise description of procedures Implemented by people in everyday life Measurement of behavior change De-emphasis on past events as causes of behavior Rejection of hypothetical underlying causes of behavior HISTORICAL ROOTS OF B E H AV I O R M O D I F I C AT I O N A number of historical events contributed to the development of behavior modification.

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