Ronald William Day's Design Error: A Human Factors Approach PDF

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Extra resources for Design Error: A Human Factors Approach

Sample text

All aspects of the problem need to be examined and every factor considered. We need to consider the five Ws – why, who, where, when, and how. To demonstrate how this works, let us look at the problem of accidents at rail level crossings in Australia. There were 74 deaths due to collisions between trains and motor vehicles between 1997 and 2002 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2002) and many more injured travellers. Let us begin with a series of questions: • Why? … Because of the large number of accidents, injuries and deaths at crossings that are not equipped with flashing lights or boom gates, because of the cost of repairing damage to railway and road vehicles, because of the delay to rail services, and because of the trauma to all involved, not forgetting for a moment the medical costs.

The first is that stakeholders and end users form an important part of the design team and are involved in regular meetings during the development. The second difference is that, because end users are involved, the end point of the design process is not acknowledged until the whole design team reaches agreement that the design will satisfy the requirements and solve the initial problem. agile Perhaps the most popular adaptive SDLC is the Agile system. At a groundbreaking meeting of 17 experts in 2001, the Agile manifesto was agreed: • • • • Individuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over contract negotiation Responding to change over following a plan Systems Development Life Cycle Models 33 They also agreed on 12 principles: 1.

Evolutionary MoDel May and Zimmer (1996) describe the evolutionary development life cycle (EVO) as a model that divides the development of a system into smaller, incremental waterfall models. Normally, the tasks are divided into small units that can be completed in a short time, perhaps a week or a fortnight. The major improvement of this model over the traditional waterfall model is that users get access to the product at the end of Systems Development Life Cycle Models 31 each cycle. By seeking feedback from end users at the end of each cycle, May and Zimmer see a significant reduction in risk from design faults.

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