By CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
ISBN-10: 0470343850
ISBN-13: 9780470343852
ISBN-10: 1680156624
ISBN-13: 9781680156621
The e-book is a advisor for Layers of safeguard research (LOPA) practitioners. It explains the onion pores and skin version and specifically, the way it pertains to using LOPA and the necessity for non-safety instrumented autonomous security layers. It offers particular information on autonomous safety Layers (IPLs) that aren't defense Instrumented structures (SIS). utilizing the LOPA method, businesses mostly take credits for hazard rate reductions entire via non-SIS possible choices; i.e. administrative methods, gear layout, etc. It addresses concerns comparable to the best way to make sure the effectiveness and continue reliability for administrative controls or “inherently more secure, passive” recommendations.
This ebook will deal with how the fields of Human Reliability research, Fault Tree research, Inherent safeguard, Audits and tests, upkeep, and Emergency reaction relate to LOPA and SIS.
The e-book will separate IPL’s into different types reminiscent of the following:
- Inherent protection
- eliminates a situation or essentially reduces a hazard
- Preventive/Proactive
- prevents beginning occasion from taking place reminiscent of more suitable maintenance
- Preventive/Active
- stops chain of occasions after beginning occasion happens yet earlier than an incident has happened equivalent to excessive point in a tank shutting off the pump.
- Mitigation (active or passive)
- minimizes effect as soon as an incident has happened corresponding to remaining block valves as soon as LEL is detected within the dike (active) or the dike combating illness of groundwater (passive).
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Additional resources for Guidelines for Initiating Events and Independent Protection Layers in Layer of Protection Analysis
Example text
Appendix C explains how to derive IEFs and IPL PFDs from site data, generic published industry data, prediction methods, and expert opinion. 14 INITIATING EVENTS AND INDEPENDENT PROTECTION LAYERS IN LOPA Appendix D provides example reliability data for check valves. Check valve design has improved over the years, and data exist that indicate that check valves can be effective IPLs when properly specified and maintained. Appendix E provides examples of how some companies define overpressure consequences for LOPA.
CCPS. 1993. Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 1998a. Guidelines for Improving Plant Reliability through Data Collection and Analysis. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2000. Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, 2nd Edition. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2001. Layer of Protection Analysis: Simplified Process Risk Assessment. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2006. Guidelines for Mechanical Integrity Systems. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2007a. Guidelines for Risk Based Process Safety.
2008b. Guidelines for the Management of Change for Process Safety. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. CCPS. 2009a. Guidelines for Developing Quantitative Safety Risk Criteria, 2nd Edition. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2009b. Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: A Life Cycle Approach, 2nd Edition. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2013. Guidelines for Enabling Conditions and Conditional Modifiers in Layer of Protection Analysis. New York: AIChE. CCPS. 2013b. Guidelines for Determining the Probability of Ignition of a Released Flammable Mass.
Guidelines for Initiating Events and Independent Protection Layers in Layer of Protection Analysis by CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
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