By Anne Applebaum
ISBN-10: 1400034094
ISBN-13: 9781400034093
The Gulag--a big array of Soviet focus camps that held hundreds of thousands of political and felony prisoners--was a method of repression and punishment that terrorized the whole society, embodying the worst developments of Soviet communism. during this magisterial and acclaimed historical past, Anne Applebaum bargains the 1st totally documented portrait of the Gulag, from its origins within the Russian Revolution, via its growth below Stalin, to its cave in within the period of glasnost. Applebaum in detail re-creates what existence used to be like within the camps and hyperlinks them to the bigger heritage of the Soviet Union. instantly famous as a landmark and long-overdue paintings of scholarship, Gulag is a vital publication for a person who needs to appreciate the historical past of the 20 th century.
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Additional resources for Gulag: A History
Sample text
In this case, however, preparations for series production began before the Tu-160 had ever flown! This says a lot for the faith the leaders of the Soviet state, Air Force and aviation industry had in the new bomber; or, equally probably, this was a measure of the need to create and field a Soviet 'anti-B-1' in response to the new threat from the United States. The first flying prototype was known inhouse as izdeliye 70-00, which gave rise to the OKB slang appellation noolyovka ('Aircraft Zilch').
N. Sat- tarov, Col. S. Popov, Col. V. Neretin, Lt. Col. P. Petrov and Lt. Col. S. Mart'yanov contributed a lot to the Blackjack's trials and eventual service entry. The rolling steppes beyond the Volga were an ideal proving ground for the Tu-160's main weapon, the Kh-55SM cruise missile with its self-contained navigation system and 3,000-km (1,860-mile) maximum range. During live test launches the bombers were shadowed by an II'yushin/Beriyev 'Aircraft 976' Mainstay-C airborne measuring and control station (AMCS), a purpose-built derivative of the IL-76MD Candid-B military transport; five of these radar picket aircraft registered CCCP-76452 through CCCP-76456 were operated by L11.
Kopylov. The second prototype (izdeliye 70-03), likewise unpainted - as it still is - joined the test programme on 6th October 1984, making its first flight that day with OKB test pilot Sergey T. Agapov in the captain's seat. Outwardly it differed from the first prototype in having a recontoured nose radome; the new nose shape was adopted as standard for all subsequent examples. A major milestone was achieved in February 1985 when the first prototype went supersonic for the first time. (Note: Unlike Western military aircraft (which have serials allowing positive identification), since 1955 SovietlCIS military aircraft normally have two-digit tactical codes which are usually simply the aircraft's number in the unit operating it.
Gulag: A History by Anne Applebaum
by Joseph
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