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Additional resources for Interpretations of the Name Israel in Ancient Judaism and Some Early Christian Writings: From Victorious Athlete to Heavenly Champion

Sample text

24 22 See E. Tov in H. , DJD. XIII Qumran Cave . VIII Parabiblical Texts Part  (Clarendon Press: Oxford, ), –; and brief notes in J. Maier, Die Qumran-Essener: Die Texte vom Toten Meer. Band II Die Texte der Höhle  (Reinhardt: München, ), . On the name of this text, which appears to have been one of the longest at Qumran, see E. Tov, ‘QReworked Pentateuch: A Synopsis of Its Contents’, RQ / (), , and n.  on that page. 23 So Tov, DJD. XIII, ; see also his observations in ‘QReworked Pentateuch’, –.

Is singled out for special attention. They offered their own, very distinctive form of this verse, which differs markedly from the Masoretic Hebrew, and speaks of angels strengthening themselves in God: the verb used at this point is the same as that used by the translators earlier to explain the name Israel. The implications of this are spelled out, particularly in respect of other references to angels in the biblical narrative. The significance of this becomes apparent when the translators, turning to the second account of Jacob’s change of name, speak of God’s epiphany to him in order to confirm the name Israel.

1 The first of the sections (Gen. : –), describing Jacob’s nocturnal fight with a mysterious being, is also the best-known, as well as the most complex. It appears at a crucial point in the Bible’s account of Jacob, and the narrative background to it is especially important for our purposes. It will be presented, therefore, in some detail. .  Jacob Meets an Opponent and Receives a New Name—Genesis : – This episode begins with Jacob’s flight from the wrath of his brother Esau, whose paternal blessing he has acquired by cunning with the help of his mother Rebeccah: she consequently advises him to seek refuge with his uncle, Laban the Aramaean (Gen.

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