By Viktor Elsik, Yaron Matras
ISBN-10: 3110184524
ISBN-13: 9783110184525
'Markedness' is a significant inspiration in linguistic conception. This booklet is the 1st to supply a accomplished survey of markedness family throughout numerous grammatical different types, in a pattern of closely-related speech types. it really is in keeping with a pattern of over a hundred dialects of Romani, amassed and processed through the Romani Morpho-Syntax (RMS) Database - a comparative grammatical define in digital shape, built via the authors among 2000-2004. Romani dialects supply an exhilarating pattern of language swap phenomena: they're oral languages, which were separated and dispersed from a few six centuries, and are strongly formed via the impact of various touch languages. The publication takes a typological method of markedness, viewing it as a hierarchy between values that's conditioned through conceptual and cognitive universals. however it introduces a functional-pragmatic proposal of markedness, as a grammaticalised approach hired which will priositise info. In what's known as 'dynamic', such prioritisation is stimulated by means of an interaction of things: the values inside of a class and the conceptual notions that they symbolize, the grammatical constitution onto which the class values are mapped, and the type of process that's utilized that allows you to prioritise convinced worth. for this reason, the e-book incorporates a thorough survey of a few 20 different types (e.g individual, quantity, Gender, and so forth) and their formal illustration in quite a few grammatical buildings around the pattern. a number of the accredited standards for markedness (e.g. Complexity, Differentiation, Erosion, and so forth) are tested systematically with regards to the values of every and each class, for every appropriate constitution. the end result is a singular photo of ways assorted markedness standards could cluster for yes different types, giving a concrete truth to the hitherto fairly imprecise inspiration of markedness. Borrowing and its relation to markedness can be tested, providing new insights into the motivations at the back of contact-induced swap.
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Additional info for Markedness and Language Change: The Romani Sample
Example text
Allomorphy and irregularity (including suppletion) are considered to be evidence for the greater inflectional potential of the category in question in the typological approach. The criterion of distributional potential concerns the number of syntactic contexts in which a grammatical element can occur. Two definitions of the distributional potential are possible. A stronger definition requires that the marked element occurs in a subset of occurrences (grammatical environments, construction types) of the unmarked value.
The role of general meaning, or semantic invariance, in markedness has been taken forward especially by van Schooneveld (1978) and Andrews (1990). In the course of Jakobson’s work, understanding of the character of the relevant semiotic property of the marked member changed from that of a substantive property of the objective reality to that of a language-specific categorial value, a development that was in congruence with the work on markedness by Hjelmslev (1935) and later structuralists. Thus, for Andersen (1989), the markedness relation is in part independent of linguistic substance and should be defined primarily as conceptual.
Behavioural criteria concern “any sort of evidence from the linguistic behavior of the elements in question that would demonstrate that one value of a conceptual category is grammatically more ‘versatile’ than the other” (Croft 2003: 95). The behavioural criteria have been developed especially in the typological approach to markedness, and their discussion here is based on Croft (1990, 2003). The criterion of neutral value concerns neutralisation of paradigmatic contrasts in certain contexts. The criterion was developed in the Prague School, and taken over by Greenberg (1966).
Markedness and Language Change: The Romani Sample by Viktor Elsik, Yaron Matras
by Charles
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