By Ingo Leubner
ISBN-10: 1439806748
ISBN-13: 9781439806746
Even though crystals make up an anticipated eighty% of chemical and pharmaceutical items, few assets exist that offer useful counsel on reaching precision keep watch over in their dimension and measurement distribution. in keeping with a version built via the writer and his colleagues, Precision Crystallization: idea and perform of Controlling Crystal dimension offers scientists and product engineers with the instruments to regulate crystal nucleation, permitting them to eventually regulate crystal dimension and dimension distribution for batch and non-stop crystallizations. on the innovative of crystallization technology and expertise, this quantity offers info by no means prior to to be had. Introducing the Balanced Nucleation and progress (BNG) version, the booklet demonstrates how the result of the nucleation approach are quantitatively relating to functional experimental regulate values akin to: response addition fee crystal solubility temperature place of dwelling time (continuous crystallizations) the influence of ripening brokers (crystal supersizing) in the course of nucleation the influence of crystal progress restrainers (crystal nanosizing) in the course of nucleation keep an eye on of renucleation the writer indicates how the BNG thought predicts formerly unknown phenomena and in addition the way it corrects faulty perceptions of the significance of response quantity at the consequence of crystal nucleation. Going above and past classical nucleation theories which count to a wide volume on guesswork, the BNG version provides targeted advice to scientists operating in various serious components, resulting in promising implications for study, qc, product improvement, creation tactics, pilot plant operations, and production.
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Additional info for Precision Crystallization: Theory and Practice of Controlling Crystal Size
Example text
Jezequel. 1995. Crystallization and precipitation engineering. Pt. 5. Simulation of the precipitation of silver bromide octahedral crystals in a double-jet semi-batch reactor. Chem Eng Sci 50:345–55. 6. Ludwig, F. , and J. Schmelzer. 1995. Cluster formation and growth in segregation processes with constant rates of supply of monomers. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 192:155–67. 7. , R. David, J. Villermaux, and P. H. Jezequel. 1996. Crystallization and precipitation engineering. Pt. 6. Solving population balance in the case of the precipitation of silver bromide crystals with high primary nucleation rates by using the first order upwind differentiation.
Further, as shown in the previous section, the modeling of the nucleation phase leads to the properties of the crystal population, such as size distribution, size at the maximum of crystal distribution (“maximum crystal size”), and total crystal number and the population (“maximum crystal number”). Let us review the parameters that were chosen for the calculations. Reaction Parameters for the Calculations Any of the parameters may be varied during the nucleation phase, either by calculation or, for long nucleation phases, during the nucleation phase.
For relative mono-disperse emulsions, which are generally obtained in controlled double-jet precipitations, we can use the approximation ra ~ r. 14). 14) 32 Precision Crystallization: Theory and Practice of Controlling Crystal Size This equation leads to surprising predictions: 1. Nucleation under kinetically and diffusion-controlled conditions is controlled by the same control parameters, R, T, and Cs. 2. These control parameters provide the same fundamental correlation and thus cannot be used to discern between kinetically and diffusion-controlled nucleation.
Precision Crystallization: Theory and Practice of Controlling Crystal Size by Ingo Leubner
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