By Ramón Spaaij
ISBN-10: 1429472618
ISBN-13: 9781429472616
ISBN-10: 9056294458
ISBN-13: 9789056294458
Soccer hooliganism periodically generates common political and public nervousness. inspite of the efforts made and assets invested over the last a long time, soccer hooliganism remains to be perceived via politicians, policymakers and media as a hectic social challenge. This hugely readable booklet presents the 1st systematic and empirically grounded comparability of soccer hooliganism in numerous nationwide and native contexts. concentrated round the six Western ecu soccer golf equipment on which the writer did his learn, the e-book exhibits how diversified golf equipment adventure and comprehend soccer hooliganism in several methods. the improvement and results of anti-hooligan guidelines also are assessed. The emphasis all through is at the significance of context, social interplay and collective identification for realizing soccer hooliganism. This e-book might be crucial analyzing for a person attracted to soccer tradition, hooliganism and collective violence.
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Extra resources for Understanding football hooliganism: a comparison of six Western European football clubs
Sample text
It is in their commitment to the use of violence in inter-group rivalries that hooligans distinguish themselves from non-hooligan supporters. In other words, for hooligans, ‘violence constitutes the compelling form of social intercourse out of which their social group arises’ (King, 2001: 571-572). Moreover, variations in the level and seriousness of hooligan 36 violence may result from differences in broader social and political circumstances, among other factors. For example, the relative lethality of Argentinian football hooliganism should be viewed within the context of the comparatively high levels of social and state violence in Argentine society (Alabarces, 2002: 33-34).
With regard to the latter type, allegiances may also be shifted or suspended. This is illustrated by Harrison (1974: 604) in what he calls the ‘Bedouin syndrome’ in the football context, namely a tendency for ad hoc alliances to be built up according to the following principles: the enemy of your enemy is your friend, the friend of your friend is your friend, but your friend of one moment can become your enemy of the next. Thus, to use the previous example, Athletic Bilbao and Real Sociedad hooligans may temporarily suspend their local rivalry to form a temporal alliance based on their shared sympathy for Basque nationalism and jointly confront hooligans of ‘centralist’ Real Madrid.
The following year Africa witnessed its worst sporting disasters. On May 9, 2001, 126 people died and dozens more were injured in a stampede at soccer match in Accra, Ghana. After the home team Hearts of Oak scored two late goals to beat Asante Kotoko, some of the visiting fans allegedly began destroying plastic seats and throwing them on to the running track surrounding the pitch. In response the police fired tear gas into the crowd, causing major panic and many to be suffocated and crushed to death.
Understanding football hooliganism: a comparison of six Western European football clubs by Ramón Spaaij
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