I: The Meaning of the First Person Term by Maximilian de Gaynesford PDF

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Extra info for I: The Meaning of the First Person Term

Example text

Castan˜eda (1968: 160–1). See also Perry (1979: 167–8) who appeals in addition to a third doctrine, Rule Theory, which we shall examine below. 31 See Pelczar and Rainsbury (1998: particularly 293). Historical Background 25 identify I as an indexical. And in particular, we need to know what an indexical expression is, what makes a term count as such. Indexicals are often defined as context-sensitive expressions. But what meaningful expression is not? No matter how one thinks words get their meaning—by stipulation; shared experience; convention; application to the way the world is; and so on—they are thus sensitive to something counting as their context.

Governed by linguistic convention, it may be identified with the rules governing use of the expression. So the simple rule in context which Rule Theorists claim as the sufficient determinant of I is one such definition. ’12 This rule can then be applied in some situation where a use of I is spoken or written so as to determine a particular individual within that context—the speaker or writer—as its referent. 14 Focusing on the precise problems at issue requires that we distinguish between two questions: how the reference of I is determined (which is relevant), and how its content is determined (which is not relevant).

The second set of difficulties with this most recent attempt at a viable descriptivism relates to the fact that, as many have noted, I has a crucial motivational role. It makes no sense to suppose that agents might know ‘I am F ’ (where, in Perry’s well-known examples, F stands for ‘spilling sugar’; ‘late for a meeting’; 26 Russell (1914: 163–9); Reichenbach (1947: 284). 27 Peacocke (1983: 109–51). Parfit (1984: 252). Rovane (1998: 214). Historical Background 23 ‘approached by a bear’) without their recognizing the crucial bearing of that information on themselves.

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