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Additional info for Industry in the Countryside: Wealden Society in the Sixteenth Century

Sample text

Naturally wills made by men with a sole heir tend to be less informative, but the cases quoted above typify the normal practice of testators. The historian can do little more than calculate what proportion of testators - who after all represent an unknown and possibly varying proportion of adult males and widows - at different times and in different parishes had land to leave to their heirs. And what share of these appear to be substantial holdings (two or three separate messuages and associated lands) of fifty acres or more, and what proportion seem to be small farms (usually described as a messuage and lands or 'my house and lands').

28 The largest holdings, as in other parts of the Weald, were owned by resident gentry families including the Fanes and the Wybarnes, by a descendant of a prosperous sixteenth-century ironmaster and by local yeomen. Enough examples have been cited to demonstrate a general trend. The pattern that emerges - and it describes the situation in 1600 as well as in 1500 - is one of a large number of small estates, many not big enough to survive as subsistence peasant holdings, intermixed among the dispersed holdings of a much smaller number of yeoman and gentry estates.

39 The property of Sir Thomas Fane of Badsell (d. 1589), by contrast, was valued in a Wards schedule of 1604 at over £275 per annum and included lands in at least sixteen Kent parishes. The central group of estates extended from Tudeley into Tonbridge, Hadlow, Capel, Yalding, East Peckham and Brenchley. There was also land in Romney Marsh as well as several hundred acres in northwest Kent at Crayford and Plumsted. Two generations of the Tudeley branch of the family had built a medium-sized gentry estate into one of magnate gentry rank.

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