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Extra resources for Obadiah, Jonah, Micah: A Theological Commentary

Sample text

Just as the commendable character of the sailors contrasts markedly with the sinfulness of Israel emphasized in its literature, so the piety and repentance of Nineveh’s king is a striking contrast to the general run of Israel’s kings. People and king recognize that their evil deeds were wrong and deserved punishment. They repent, change their ways and trust in God. Both sailors and Ninevites thus have an effective religious knowledge that enables them to pray wisely and act rightly. The approach to non-Israelites is thus very positive, with conversion and repentance being fitting responses.

It is possible that the rhetoric of the prophet is condensing degrees of blame, so that Edom is charged with the crime that 20 Obadiah, Jonah, Micah might otherwise have been averted if due brotherly support had been given. The mention of “your brother Jacob” alludes to the patriarch’s rivalry with Esau (Gen 25:22–34; 27). The underlying understanding is that the relation between their original founders (the patriarchal ancestors) should guide the behaviour of the nations. Whatever the provocation, brother should refrain from harming brother.

Irony can be defined as the implicit conflict between two different points of view. In the Bible it is an important theological category, for it enables an author to do justice both to God’s sovereign will and the resistance to that will by human sinners. Jonah is a paradigmatic example of this kind of irony, for he succeeds dramatically in doing the opposite of what he wanted. He furthers God’s will through his own freely chosen actions. A recent trend has been to find in Jonah satire, a harsh form of irony designed to ridicule and deflate (Good 1981, 41) or “a caricature in words” (Burrows 1970, 96).

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