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Extra info for The quality of government : corruption, social trust, and inequality in international perspective

Sample text

In specific terms, we do not want nurses in a public hospital to treat all patients alike. They should give more care and attention to those who need it. In this and many similar policy areas, legitimacy in implementation requires that public employees be committed, engaged, and dedicated to their tasks instead of being impartial or, worse, indifferent. The feminist discussion about “the logic of care” casts light on an important dimension of this theory about QoG as impartiality. Impartiality is not to be understood as implying that the implementation of public policies equals an old-style Weberian rigid, indifferent rule following, or personal detachment, or a lack of creativity and flexibility by the people working in the public sector.

This connection is most explicitly recognized by O’Donnell: By “fairly applied” I mean that the administrative application or judicial adjudication of legal rules is consistent across equivalent cases; is made without taking into consideration the class, status, or relative amounts of power held by the parties in such cases; and applies procedures that are preestablished, knowable, and allow a fair chance for the views and interests at stake in each case to be properly voiced. , 33–34) The connection between the two concepts may be stated even more strongly: impartiality implies the rule of law.

Here, the question is whether the type of interest that dominates is meant to be for “everyone” or is restricted to one’s friends, family, clan, tribe, party affiliates, subdivision in an academic discipline, or other such groups. If we combine these two dimensions, we get the following four spheres of conduct that relate to impartiality (see fig. 1). The logic of this model is as follows: In the “state” sphere, the norm is that the exercise of power should be in accordance with the enacted laws and polices and that they should apply equally to “all,” as stated in the two principles of political equality and equality before the law.

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